These mycobacteria are non-contagious and are generally referred to as atypical Mycobacteria. Other non-tuberculous Mycobacteria are members of the human normal microflora and those found in water surfaces. leprae (causative agent of leprosy/Hansen’s disease) are the other important species of the genus Mycobacterium that cause disease in humans, animals and birds. It is found in the genus Mycobacterium and family Mycobacteriaceae. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a slim, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram-positive, obligate aerobe, and acid-fast bacillus (rod) with a waxy cell wall. Mycolic acid affects the permeability properties at the cell surface interface of mycobacteria and they also contribute to the pathogenicity and/or virulence of these bacteria. Typical examples of bacteria in the group mycobacteria include Mycobacterium tuberculosis – which is the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans. Mycolic acids are strong hydrophobic molecules that form a lipid shell around mycobacteria. Mycobacteria area group of bacteriathat possess a unique type of cell wall made up of mycolic acid.
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